Essay about Colonialism - 670 Words

European overseas expansion evolved from sixteenth-century colonialism driven by mercantilism to nineteenth-century nationalistic imperialism. Both had different forces compelling them; thus different countries—although most the same—participated in each phenomenon with unique, but largely similar goals. These two forces that overtook the world are comparable as they both have the same objectives; however, mercantilism compelled colonialism while nationalism drove imperialism. Colonialism Beginning in the sixteenth century and lasting until the early seventeenth century, several European countries colonialized by formally exerting the control of their political entity over another political entity in a different geographical location.†¦show more content†¦God, or religion, played a role in colonialism; sometimes with Roman Catholic colonialists eager to spread their beliefs to the non-Christian native peoples, or sometimes with colonialists eager to leave it all behind and start anew without the pressures of religious intolerance. Glory, or colonial supremacy, also played a big role in colonialism. A race to be number one in trade, in goods, and in colonies was always a sprint to the finish. However, the biggest motivation in colonialism was the mercantilistic doctrine that dominated the mindset of the European colonial powers in the sixteenth century. Mercantilism held that a nation’s wealth consisted of the amount of precious metals, especially gold, it possessed. It assumed that the volume of world wealth and trade was relatively static; so one countrys gain required anothers loss. Thus, each individual country protected their domains and enterprises against European rivals, preventing their trading allies and their subject people overseas from trading with their rivals if at all possible. In addition, a colonial possession—whether it was a factory, settlement colony, or plantation—should provide wealth to the country that controlled it and was only an appendage of the mother country. In other words, colonies theoretically existed only for the economic benefit of the colonialist’s country. The European countries that involved themselves in colonialism mostlyShow MoreRelatedColonialism : Colonialism And Colonialism1821 Words   |  8 PagesJà ¡fia Petersen ENL 110B Professor Evan Watkins November 18th, 2014 Post-Colonial Colonialism Although Edward Said is one of the intellectuals who helped start the field of post-colonialism, the topic of colonialism in Orientalism raise the following question: is there such thing as â€Å"post-colonialism†? Is colonialism not happening every day in various forms? It seems that the only difference from modern colonialism to its classic meaning is that a ruler representing the colonizer has physically leftRead MoreColonialism740 Words   |  3 PagesPolitical legacy of colonialism in India A lot of countries were experienced of political legacy of colonialism. This essay will focus on concept colonialism and its reasons. This notion could be defined in different ways. Colonialism is a situation of some territory which ruled by another country. Colonialism is a political-economic phenomenon whereby various European nations explored, conquered, settled, and exploited large areas of the world. Colonialism developed from imperialism, which canRead MoreColonialism2524 Words   |  11 PagesDefine Colonialism (Western) Colonialism: A political-economic phenomenon whereby various European nations explored, conquered, settled, and exploited large areas of the world. The purposes of colonialism included economic exploitation of the colonys natural resources, creation of new markets for the colonizer, and extension of the colonizers way of life beyond its national borders. In the years 1500 – 1900 Europe colonized all of North and South America and Australia, most of AfricaRead Morecolonialism1163 Words   |  5 PagesHow should we evaluate colonialism? The colonial era lasted for 50-80 years in most African countries and left a lasting legacy. But many years pass before the definitive balance of its legacy can be properly struck. On the one hand, it is easy to see the destructive forces that were set loose; on the other hand, there was also a record of high-minded devotion and desire to serve the interest of the people who had come under foreign rule. Although Western countries had been in contact with AfricaRead MoreColonialism : A New Type Of Colonialism2124 Words   |  9 Pagesdeveloped. Colonialism is the reason why most of the world’s countries are still described as developing Nations. Colonialism is when a ruling power takes control over an alien people or a nation that is separate from their own, over an extended period of time. The legacies left by colonialism have made it difficult for those countries to build back their economies, governments and gain overall stability. As those countries that were colonized tried to develop, a new type of colonialism called neo-Read MoreColonialism And Post Colonialism By Ania Loomba886 Words   |  4 Pagesthe concept of colonialism and post-colonialism, with a particular focus on the impact in planning. Although both concepts are not new, Ania Loomba in her book â€Å"Colonialism and Post Colonialism† provides a more exhaustive research on the regards. She argues that colonialism is the physical occupation of territory whereas post colonialism deals with effect of colonization on culture and societies. She also expanded the concepts including two new terms imperialism and Neo-colonialism. This is notRead MoreEssay on Colonialism740 Words   |  3 PagesColonialism It is almost a given now that most everyone considers colonialism as a mistake. They thought that the spreading of ideas, culture, and religion would have a positive effect on the native cultures they colonized. In fact though, these changes had an adverse effect on the peoples of these countries. For although many laud the efforts of these countries to spread Christianity, some question the motives of these countries in dealing the everyday needs of these people. In seeing theRead MoreColonialism in Nigeria1132 Words   |  4 PagesWhat is Colonialism? Colonialism is a system where one country has taken over another and foists its political power, culture, religion and language on it, or as Kozowsaki puts it: â€Å"Colonialism is a system of direct political, economic and cultural control by a powerful country over a weaker one† (Kozlowski, 46). The following essay takes two underdeveloped countries – Nigeria and Iran – and assesses the impact of the colonial era on their contemporary politics and political systems. More specificallyRead MoreColonialism And Imperialism1836 Words   |  8 Pagesâ€Å"What do I think of Western civilization? I think it would be a very good idea.† – Mahatma Gandhi â€Å"I would say colonialism is a wonderful thing. It spread civilization to Africa.† – Ian Smith Over the centuries Colonialism and Imperialism have been viewed, justified and experienced differently throughout the world. The very idea created questions of both legitimacy as well as indignity in the minds of historians, writers, scholars and critics of the world. However, the growing incongruence andRead MoreAfrican Colonialism During Post Colonial Colonialism2100 Words   |  9 PagesIt is evident that European colonialism had deeply affected the political system within post-colonial Africa. One of the main leading legacies of colonialism that hindered the development of post-colonial African states would be the ethnic division and the state conflicts resulting from ethnic rivalry after independence . Scholars would argue the weakness within African politics would be due to creation of forty new states brought about by the European colonial powers in the Berlin Conference of

The Salem Trials The Causes Of The Salem Witch Trials

What type of people were involved in the trials? The type of people involved in the trials was the surroundings of the Salem village, puritan religion, but mostly women. Their belief was sacred to both, god and devil. They believed that women were too weak to fight the devil and lose so they become the devils servant, which is a witch. Puritans also believed in predestination which is having god already knowing it they go to heaven or hell. No matter what life they had, whether good or bad, they will be going to the place god assigns them. Who are some significant people involved in the trials? Some significant people involved in the trials are William Griggs, Sarah Good, and Giles Corey. William Phips was the governor and the one who†¦show more content†¦Abigail has stated that another woman, Tituba, has been using her witchcraft on her. She was the only one in the town who had color and believed in a different religion who was also a slave. Strangely, out of all the people, Abigail choosed Tituba as the witch. Instead of just hanging her like they would usually, to save her own life, Tituba started to name all different people in the town who are also witches. This got her to stay in jail for the rest of her life, and got the idea of many demon servants in town. If Tituba didnt state any names, it would have ended right there instead of continuing the trials. What happened during the trials? During the trials, if someone was identified as a witch or a warlock from the society, they would be taken to court (which is a while wait due to the amounts of people waiting also) to be decided if they are guilty or not. It is easy be be found guilty in this case because they couldnt really prove if someone was a witch or not. They would just say, Shes a witch!, and that would do to prove guilty. If found guilty of accused on being a witch, they were to be hung. If they say they were a witch, they would stay in jail for the rest of their lives because they were being truthful and thats a big part of their religion. How did the trials end? The trials ended by the hysteria decreasing the steam asShow MoreRelatedThe Cause Of The Salem Witch Trials Essay987 Words   |  4 PagesThe Causes of the Salem Witch Trials In 1692 in the quaint Puritan village of Salem Massachusetts, twenty lives were claimed to execution on charges of witchcraft, nineteen by hanging and one man was pressed to death. The causes of these deaths and the Salem Witch Trails can be easier understood when the culture of Puritan Colonial life is examined. The Salem community was rooted in the Puritan religion. Puritans believed like all Christians, that humanity was guilty of the original sin committedRead MoreCauses Of The Salem Witch Trials994 Words   |  4 Pagesdevelop the greatest consequence possible. The Salem Witch Trials are an example of such conflict, as they resulted in many people being falsely accused for crimes, arrested, and killed. But what provoked this mass hysteria? Scholars have attempted to answer this question, but the most common idea is that it was due to a variety of economic, social, and physiological problems within the Salem village. In order to understand the cause of the Salem Witch Trials, some background must be given about the eventRead MoreThe Causes Of The Salem Witch Trials1382 Words   |  6 PagesThe Salem Witch Trials are a big part of history that is still hard to unravel today. These trials occurred in 1692, when a few teenage girls admitted to being possessed with the devil and blamed other local residents with committing Witchcraft (â€Å"Salem Witch Trials†). The accusations all started with a young girl named Abigail Williams. She believed that if she blamed other people, she would not be punished for the things she did. As a result, many other girls followed her lead and named innocentRead MoreCauses of the Salem Witch Trials Essay2035 Words   |  9 Pagesgreatest impact possible. The Salem Witch Trials are one such conflict. This conflict caused many to be accused, arrested, and killed. Because of social, economic, religious, and physical problems within the community, Salem Village was present with prejudice and panic causing the Salem Witch Trials. Witchcraft has been present in many other religions, not only the Puritan religion. Witchcraft was also found in Catholic and Protestant parts of Europe. The Salem Witch Trials were smaller in comparisonRead MoreThe Causes Of The Salem Witch Trials Of 1692700 Words   |  3 PagesSalem Witch Trials DBQ   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   How would you feel if your life was ruined just because you were considered unfit for society? This is exactly what was going on during the Salem Witch Trials of 1692. Prior to the trials, there were witch hunts that caused global unease mainly to Protestant societies. King Philip’s War also contributed to this unease by pushing people from the east coast and into Puritan towns. These towns had misogynistic male leadership, depriving many people of humanity becauseRead MoreReasons : The Causes Of The Salem Witch Trials741 Words   |  3 Pagesarrested in Salem, Massachusetts. All but one of these people were believed to be witches (Background Essay). Prior to the hearing in Salem witch trials were carried out in several different towns. â€Å"In 17th century New England witchcraft was a serious crime (Background Essay).† Two girls aged nine and 11, Betty Parris and Abigail Williams, identified a slave name Tituba and two other local women as witches. This led to the accused women being carted off to jail starting the Salem Witch Trials. WithoutRead MoreThe Causes of the Salem Witch Trials (DBQ)1337 Words   |  4 Pagesseem preposterous. Any behavior regarded as strange by fellow citizens was sufficient to hold a trial with a sentence of death. Though such scenarios seem unfathomable in our modern culture, it was a reality for hundreds of New England settlers. The causes of the famous outbreak of witch trials in Salem, Massachusetts are rooted in social, economic, and political aspects of the late 17th century Salem community. Early New Englanders were unable to accept the increase in diversity and the break inRead MoreThe Causes Of Fanaticism In The Salem Witch Trials750 Words   |  3 Pagesmost important reason was probably the fanaticism that caused everyone to blame Satan for the witchcraft, which stopped people from looking for other reasons which may have caused the witchcraft. This fanaticism stopped people from looking at other causes of the symptoms, and they didn’t bother to use a scientific or logical perspective because they were obsessed with finding witches. Additionally, because people immediately turned towards Satan for the answer to their problems, they may have usedRead MoreTheocracy As The Cause Of The Salem Witch Trials1025 Words   |  5 PagesTheocracy as the Cause of the Salem Witch Trials The Crucible by Arthur Miller is a play that shows how the Salem witch trials unfold. As a Puritan society, Salem functions as a theocracy. Unlike today s United States government in which Church and State are entirely separate entities, a theocracy is essentially the Church acting as the government. Because of the theocratic nature of Salem s governing body, religion plays a principal role in the lives of every character and has a major effect onRead MoreWitchcraft : The Causes Of The Salem Witch Trials1219 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"The Salem Witch Trials: 1692-1693† states that â€Å"[s]ince the early fifteenth century, so-called witch panics had periodically swept across Europe, causing witch hunts, accusations, trials and executions† (â€Å"Salem† 1). Although some children and males were accused, the greater part of the arraigned individuals were female (â€Å"Salem† 1). A debatable amount of around forty thousand individuals were implicated and exe cuted as witches between fourteen hundred and seventeen hundred and fifty (â€Å"Salem† 1).

Rea Diagram for Food and Beverage Company Free Essays

string(27) " goods available for sale\." This integrated REA diagram combines 4 individual cycles together, Revenue cycle indicated in blue shape, Expenditure cycle indicated in green shape, Production cycle indicated in red shape and Human Resource cycle indicated in orange shape. There are 4 integrated resources divided into 2 types which are tangible and intangible. Tangible resources include ‘Inventory (Raw material)’ , ‘Inventory (Finished goods)’, ‘machineequipment’ and ‘Cash’. We will write a custom essay sample on Rea Diagram for Food and Beverage Company or any similar topic only for you Order Now Only intangible resource shown in this REA diagram is ‘Employee time and skill’.There is also one integrated event, ‘Disburse cash’ , which is linked to 3 events, ‘receive raw material’ (Expenditure cycle) , ‘Acquire PPE’(Expenditure cycle) and ‘record time worked’( in Human Resource cycle). According to economic duality , Inventory (Raw material) is increased by ordering and receiving raw material (Expenditure cycle) and decreased by being used in issuing raw material(Production cycle). At the same time, Inventory(finished goods) is increased by producing finished goods(Production Cycle) and decreased by taking day-to-day order and shipping goods to customer.Cash resource is increased by collecting payment and is decreased by disbursing to employee as salary and to supplier as payment to ordered goods or PPE. Revenue cycle The cardinality between two events Take estimated weekly order Confirmtake day-to-day order At this present, FB has only two customers, its branch retail store and Starbuck. Every week both of them have to send ‘estimated order’ of demanded finished goods for the next coming week in advance so as to let FB arrange sufficient inventory. Every afternoon FB confirms and takes day-to-day order from both of the two customers.The ordered goods are going to be shipped tomorrow morning. Collect payment Ship goods to customer Therefore, each ‘take estimated weekly order’ may involve zero ‘confirmtake day-to-day order’ due to cancelling estimated order. And maximum cardinality is many because there can be up to 7 confirmations for each ‘take estimated weekly order’. On the contrary each ‘confirmtake day-to-day order’ may involve zero ‘take estimated weekly order’ due to sudden change in demanded goods, and can maximum involve only one take estimated weekly order’. confirmtake day-to-day order’ and ‘ship goods to customer’ occur in sequence,therefore there is a span of time which makes minimum cardinality between them be zero. Note that FB take order and ship goods day by day, so each ‘confirmtake day-to-day order’ cannot relate to more than one ‘ship goods to customer’ . As previously stated, FB confirms and takes day-to-day order from customers every afternoon, and the ordered goods are going to be shipped tomorrow morning.Therefore, each ‘ship goods to customer’ involves one and not more than one ‘confirmtake day-to-day order’. FB usually bills customer on 15th of every month and grants its customer 60 days credit term. Moreover FB has no policy to let its customers install their payment. Consequently, each ‘ship goods to customer’ may involve no ‘collect payment’and can be maximum involve only one ‘collect payment’. Besides for batch billing, zero cardinality is also allowed for the case that FB has delivered defected goods or that customer ignores payment.Because ‘collect payment is a sequential event of ‘ship goods to customer’, each ‘collect payment’ has to involve at least one ‘ship goods to customer’ and can be maximum to many ‘ship goods to customer’ for batch billing . The cardinality between event and agent For each event that occurs, there is at least one and only one agent involving for accountability reason. For example, each ‘ship goods to customer’ can be involve one and only one customer, and only one employee has to account for this event.For each employee (agent), ‘employee’ is linked to event with zero minimum cardinality which is allowed for new employees or those who do not directly account for these events, and many maximum cardinality is allowed for those employees who usually take responsib ility for these events consistently. For each customer who involves in Revenue cycle, ‘customer’ is linked to event with zero minimum cardinality which is allowed for potential customer ,and maximum cardinality is allowed for close-relationship customer. The cardinality between event and resource take estimated weekly order’ is a commitment event. It does not directly increase or decrease ‘Inventory(raw material). However, receiving estimated weekly order can trigger warehouse people to set aside at least one raw material or may up to many kinds of material. On the contrary, ‘Inventory(Raw material)’ may relate zero ‘take estimated weekly order’ because there can be some raw material which is never used for producing ordered goods. And the many maximum cardinality is allowed for regularly used raw material.Each ‘take day-to-day order’ and ‘ship goods to customer’ has to involve at least one ‘Inventory(finished goods)’ or can also be multiple inventories. At the same time, each ‘Inventory(finished goods)’ is linked to both ‘take order’ and ‘ship goods to customer’ with the zero minimum and many maximum cardinality. Zero cardinality is allowed for those out-of-demand or new inventories whereas most finished goods may be ordered and shipped several times. The fact that FB maintains only one cash account makes actual REA diagram should be presented as following picture cashCollect payment The diagram show that if the company maintain only one cash account, this one cash account has to relate at least one collection of payment. However, we have suggested that FB should separate cash account for one purpose, so this REA diagram is created on the assumption that there are more than one cash accounts. Collect payment cash According to relationship shown between ‘cash’ and ‘collect payment,’ It shows that each time the company collect payment from supplier, the payment has to be deposited into at least one and only one account.And each ‘cash’ may not relate to ‘collect payment’ if it is an account for salary disbursement. However, if the cash account is opened for collecting payment from customer particularly, it can relate several collections of payment. Moreover, ‘cash’ is a merged resource, zero minimum cardinality should be indicated here. Expenditure Cycle The cardinality between two events Acquire machine equipment Receive raw material Order raw material Disburse cash Same as other companies, ‘receive raw material is a result of ‘order raw material’ therefore the minimum cardinality between them is one and zero. Moreover each ‘order raw material’ may not lead to any ‘receive raw material’ if suppliers have no ordered goods available for sale. You read "Rea Diagram for Food and Beverage Company" in category "Food" If supplier approves company’s order, there can be only one ‘receive raw material’ at most. On the contrary, ‘receive raw material’ is a result of at least one occurrence of ‘order raw material’. Since some suppliers usually deliver ordered goods in batch ,each ‘receive raw material’ can be a result of multiple orderings. Each time company receive ordered raw material, company may not disburse any cash if supplier delivers free sample goods.And ‘disburse cash’ can happen at most only one time because suppliers do not allowed company to install payment. Since some supplier usually bill FB monthly, each ‘disburse cash’ can be up to multiple occurrences of ‘receive raw m aterial’. Note that ‘disburse cash’ is integrated event therefore minimum cardinality indicated in red is zero which means that each occurrence of ‘disburse cash’ can relate to either ‘receive raw material’ or ‘acquire machine equipment’. Besides from acquire raw material, the company has to disburse cash so as to invest new machine and equipment such as a new oven which has larger capacity.As shown in the picture, each time the company acquires new fix asset, it may relate to zero ‘disburse cash’ due to a span of time and for the case that company exchanges an old machine with a new one, and can be up to multiple of ‘disburse cash’ for installment case. The cardinality between event and resource Receive raw material Order raw material Inventory (Raw material) Each ‘order raw material’ and ‘receive raw material’ has to increase at least one ‘Inventory(raw material)’ and up to multiple inventories.However some raw material may not use to be ordered or delivered because it is under consideration process of company whether to order those new ingredients or not. While basic raw material like flour and sugar are ordered and delivered several times. Disburse cash cash As previously mentioned, we have suggested that FB should separate cash account base on business purpose. Therefore each ‘cash’ may not relate to any ‘disburse cash’ , while some cash accounts are opened particularly for disbursement which can relate to multiple of ‘disburse cash’.On the other hands, each ‘disburse cash’ has to relate to one and only one cash account for easy error tracing. Acquire machine equipment Machine Equipment For machine and equipment, like raw material, some machines are under consideration process of company whether to buy or not while some consistently used equipment like knives are purchased several times. On the other side, each occurrence of ‘acquire PPE’ has to relate at least one ‘machineequipment’ and can be up to many. The cardinality between event and agent Employee Supplier Receive raw materialOrder raw material Supplier Each occurrence of ‘order raw material’ and ‘receive raw material’ has to relate to one and only one supplier and employee for a ccountability reason. On the other hands, each agent is linked to each event with zero minimum and many maximum cardinality. Because some new suppliers may never receive any orders from FB and therefore never deliver company any goods. While some close-relationship suppliers always get several orders from company and deliver goods multiple times. Employee (cashier) Disburse cash Supplier Employee (payee)For cash disbursement, FB has an authorized cashier who directly take responsibility for this event consequently each ‘disburse cash’ has to relate to one and only one and only one ‘cashier’ for accountability reason. Only minimum cardinality of cashier remains one because ‘disburse cash’ is an integrated event among three event, ‘record time worked’ , ‘receive raw material’ and ‘acquire machineequipment, ’ therefore zero minimum indicated in red is used to describe the relationship which means that each ‘disburse cash’ can relate either to ‘supplier’ or ‘payee’, not both of them at the same time.While each maximum cardinality remains one owing to accountability reason. On the contrary, each agent ma y never involve zero ‘disburse cash’ especially for new agent ,and most of them relate to multiple of ‘disburse cash’. Acquire machine equipment Supplier Employee (Production mng. ) Each time of acquiring fix asset, there has to be one and only one production manager involved in order to approve the event and take responsibility. Same situation happens to supplier.For both of agents, they are linked to ‘acquir machine equipment’ with minimum of zero and maximum of many. Zero minimums shown from employee and supplier to the event are allowed for new or indirect-related employee and supplier respectively. Two maximum cardinalities are shown the relationship that some direct-related employee and close-relationshiped supplier may account for ‘acquire machineequipment’ several times. Production Cycle Every early morning production manager gets the ‘production order’ which indicates type and quantity of bakeries to be manufactured in that day.Every ‘production order’ relate to one occurrence of ‘produce finished goods’. For FB,each ‘ Issue raw material’ can be used for one and only one ‘produce finish goods’. At the end of the process, if there is some remaining issued raw material, production people has to return it to storeroom immediately. The remaining issued raw material is not used for tomorrow’s production due to quality control. In other words, a new issuing raw material is required for every new start of production.Thanks to the professional production manager, after production people have issued requested raw material, the production manager checks quality and quantity of those issued raw material before starting manufacturing process which makes the issued raw material fit to day-to-day production, only little raw material left. The cardinality between two events Issue Raw material Produce Finished Goods As mentioned, each time production people issue raw material, it can relate to not more than one time of producing finished goods. The zero minimum cardinality is allowed for a span of time due to being sequential event.On the contrary, each ‘produce finished good s’ required at least one ‘issued raw material’ and can be up to many for the case that issued raw material is used to defected finished goods or that issued raw material is not enough to produce demanded finished goods. Record time worked Produce Finished Goods There is also one across cycle-related event, ‘produce finished goods’ in production cycle and ‘record time worked’ in payroll cycle. FB has a policy that production people has to record their worked time by scanning their finger print everyday.As the ‘record time worked’ is a sequential event of ‘produce finished goods’, minimum cardinality between them has to be one and zero respectively. For maximum cardinality,note that there is always only one occurrence of ‘produce finished goods’ per day because it is a production of bakeries. All bakeries have to be done daily. Therefore, each ‘produce finished goods’ relates to not more than one ‘record time worked’. The fact that employee of FB has to record their time worked daily makes each ‘record time worked’ be a result from at least one occurrence of ‘produce finished goods’ an d not more than one. The cardinality between event and resource Inventory (Raw material) Issue Raw material The relationship between ‘Inventory(raw material)’ and ‘issue raw material’ is M:N. Some raw material is never used in production especially for new ingredient, but most raw material is issued for multiple times. On the other side, each time production people issue raw material, they have to issue at least one raw material and can be maximum to several raw material. Produce Finished Goods Inventory (Finished Goods) The relationship between ‘Inventory(finished goods)’ and ‘produce finished goods’ is M:N.For FB, the case that finished goods are increased by returned inventories from customers cannot happen because bakery product cannot be kept to resale nor remake. Whenever customers reject delivered goods for any reason, FB has to dispose those rejected bakeries immediately. Therefore, each type of finished goods has to increased from at least one occurrence of ‘produce finished goods, and can be maximum of many occurrences for those best selling bakeries. On the other side, each ‘produce finished goods’ may create zero finished goods since unsatisfied bakeries have been made especially for new first-try menu.However, each ‘Produce finished goods’ can create up to load of finished goods at the same time. Produce Finished Goods Machine Equipment Some machine and equipment of FB are not used to produce finished goods, but some of them are used in production cycle everyday. On the other side, every occurrence of ‘produce finished goods’ required at least one baking machine and can be up to a lot. The cardinality between event and agent Employee (Production mng. ) Issue Raw material Employee (Warehouse) Produce Finished GoodsEmployee (Production people) Typically after production manager has noticed the demanded quantity of raw material to be issued which is indicated in ‘production order’ , production manager is going to approve the withdrawal and gets production people to issue demand ed raw material from warehouse ,where warehouse people take responsibility. Consequently, as shown in the picture above, ‘issue raw material’ is linked to two agents, warehouse people and production manager. Both of them has minimum of one agent and maximum of one agent for accountability.On the other side, the ‘warehouse people’ and ‘production manager’ entity may relate to at least zero ‘issue raw material’ and can be maximum of many ‘issue raw material’. Zero cardinality is allowed for new warehouse people and production manager or those who do not directly account for this event while maximum cardinality is allowed for those employees who involve in this event consistently. The same situation occurs when ‘production manager’ and ‘production people’ are linked to ‘produce finished goods’. Every morning production manager approves day-to-day finished goods production and let production people bake ordered bakeries.Therefore each ‘produce finished goods’ relates to one and only one ‘production manager’ for accountability reason, but relates to at least one production peo ple and can be up to many ‘production people’ who work together for large order. Payroll cycle The cardinality between two events Disburse cash Record time worked For payroll cycle, employees especially for production people have to record their time worked everyday before they start working in the kitchen. However FB usually records their time worked and pays them monthly.Therefore, each time ‘record time worked’ may not lead to any ‘disburse cash’ and can result in maximum of one ‘disburse cash. Note that ‘disburse cash’ is an integrated event which is also linked to ‘receive raw material’ and ‘acquire machineequipment’ in expenditure cycle. Consequently, each occurrence of ‘disburse cash’ may not relate to any ‘record time worked’ and can relate up to multiple of ‘record time worked’ when the company disburse monthly salary, zero minimum and many maximum cardinality shown respectively. The cardinality between event and agent Employee (Production people) Record time workedEmployee (Production mng. ) At FB, each occurrence of ‘record time worked’ has to get approval from production manager, so it is linked to production manager and production people with minimum a nd maximum of one agent involved for accountability reason. On the contrary, both ‘employee (production people) and ‘employee (production manager)’ are linked to ‘record time worked’ with zero minimum and many maximum cardinality. Two of zero minimum cardinalities are allowed for those employees who do not need to record their time worked such as accounting and sale people and those who do not involve in any approval of How to cite Rea Diagram for Food and Beverage Company, Essays